ABSTRAK
Ida Kusuma Dewi. T141208001. Kajian Terjemahan Dialek African American English Dalam Novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Karya Mark Twain. Promotor: Prof. Drs. M.R. Nababan, M.Ed., M.A., Ph.D.; Co-Promotor-1: Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D.; Co-Promotor 2: Prof. Dr. Djatmika, M.A.; Dissertation of Doctorate Program of Surakarta Sebelas Maret University.
Penelitian ini membahas ciri dan peran dialek African American English (AAE) dalam novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (TAOHF), menjelaskan teknik penerjemahan dan kualitas terjemahan tuturan tokoh kulit hitam yang menunjukkan dialek AAE pada novel tersebut dalam terjemahan bahasa Indonesia. Secara spesifik penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) menjelaskan bagaimana ciri dan peran dialek AAE dalam merepresentasikan tokoh kulit hitam dalam novel, 2) menjelaskan latar belakang dan kompetensi penerjemah, kesulitan yang dihadapi penerjemah dan strategi mengatasinya, 3) menjelaskan teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan, 4) menjelaskan pengaruh teknik penerjemahan yang dipilih penerjemah terhadap tingkat keakuratan, keberterimaan, dan keterbacaan terjemahan.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan sifat deskriptif dalam menggambarkan peran dialek AAE, teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam tiga versi terjemahan dan dampak pemilihan teknik penerjemahan terhadap kualitas terjemahan. Data penelitian ini meliputi semua ujaran yang dikemukakan oleh lima tokoh kulit hitam yang mengandung ciri AAE dalam novel bahasa Inggris TAOHF, tiga versi terjemahan bahasa Indonesia, informasi dari para penerjemah ketiga versi terjemahan TAOHF, dari para rater dan dari para pembaca sasaran. Sumber data penelitian ini berupa dokumen dan informan. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik telaah dokumen, Focus Group Discussion, wawancara dan kuesioner.
Analisis terhadap ciri dialek AAE yang ditemukan pada novel TAOHF menunjukkan bahwa dialek AAE memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam merepresentasikan latar belakang etnis, strata sosial dan geografis para tokoh kulit hitam dalam novel TAOHF. Dalam penelitian ini terungkap bahwa pengetahuan penerjemah masing-masing versi perihal dialek AAE dan pemanfaatannya dalam merepresentasikan penokohan tokoh kulit hitam dalam novel TAOHF berbeda-beda. Perbedaan tersebut berpengaruh pada variasi teknik penerjemahan dialek yang dihasilkan masing-masing penerjemah. Pada versi 1 ditemukan penggunaan teknik netralisasi, teknik kolokialisasi, teknik pencacatan wicara, teknik pemvariasian ejaan, teknik penghilangan, teknik pemvariasian rekaan, teknik kompensasi dan teknik penambahan. Pada versi 2 dan 3 ditemukan penggunaan teknik netralisasi, teknik kolokialisasi, teknik penghilangan dan teknik kompensasi. Beberapa teknik penerjemahan dapat mempertahankan sebagian aspek penokohan sedangkan beberapa teknik lainnya justru menyebabkan perbedaan penokohan, terutama perbedaan latar belakang tokoh kulit hitam.
Pada penilaian kualitas terjemahan, sebagian besar terjemahan tuturan tokoh kulit hitam pada ketiga versi terjemahan memiliki tingkat keakuratan yang tinggi. Sebaliknya, dari aspek keberterimaan, sebagian besar terjemahan tuturan terjemahan versi 2 dan 3 bernilai rendah. Hanya terjemahan 1 yang bernilai sedang. Hal ini disebabkan gagalnya penerjemah versi 2 dan 3 mengalihkan bentuk dialek AAE tokoh kulit hitam dalam terjemahannya sedangkan penerjemah versi 1 hanya mampu memadankan dialek AAE ke dalam bentuk kolokial dan cacat wicara. Dari segi keterbacaan, sebagian besar terjemahan tuturan tokoh kulit hitam pada ketiga versi terjemahan bernilai tinggi. Banyak digunakannya ejaan tidak standar sebagai bentuk kolokialisasi dan pencacatan wicara pada versi 1 menyebabkan terjemahan versi 1 sebagai terjemahan yang paling banyak memiliki nilai keterbacaan sedang dan rendah di antara ketiga versi.
Kata kunci: dialek, African American English, teknik penerjemahan, keakuratan, keberterimaan, keterbacaan.
ABSTRACT
Ida Kusuma Dewi. T141208001. An Analysis of the Translation of African American English Dialect in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Novel by Mark Twain. Promotor: Prof. Drs. M.R. Nababan, M.Ed., M.A., Ph.D.; Co-Promotor-1: Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D. ; Co-Promotor 2: Prof. Dr. Djatmika, M.A.; Dissertation of Doctorate Program of Surakarta Sebelas Maret University.
This study aims to find out the role of the African American English (AAE) dialect in the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (TAOHF) and how the utterances containing AAAE dialect features are translated into Indonesian language. In particular, this study aims at 1) explaining the features and the role of AAE dialect in representing the black characters in TAOHF novel, 2) explaining the background and competence of the translators, the difficulties encountered by the translators and the strategies chosen by the translators in overcoming the difficulties, 3) explaining the translation techniques chosen by the translators to translate the utterances delivered by the black characters containing the AAE dialect features and why the techniques are chosen by the translators, 4) explaining the effect of the translation techniques chosen.
This is a descriptive qualitative research describing the role of AAE dialect, translation techniques used in three translation versions, and the impact of the translation techniques on the quality of the translations. The research data include all the utterances used by five black characters containing AAE features in the English novel, three Indonesian translation versions, and information from the 3 translators, from the rater and from the target readers. The sources of data are in the form of documents and informants. Data were collected through content analysis: Focus Group Discussion, interviews and questionnaires.
The results reveal that the number and type of dialect features found in the TAOHF novel showed that the AAE dialect had a very significant role in representing the ethnic, social and geographical backgrounds in the novel. The results of the study also show the translators knowledge’s about AAE dialect features and the roles varies and that not all of the roles of the AAE dialect in the novel can be detected by the translators. This difference affects the variety of dialect translation techniques used by each translator. Translators of version 1 use techniques that are more diverse than translators of versions 2 and 3. In version 1 there are eight dialect translation techniques, namely neutralization, colloquialization, speech defect, orthographic representation, deletion, artificial variation, compensation techniques and addition techniques. The techniques chosen by translator 1 can show the different ways of speaking of the black characters from white characters. In version 2 and 3, four techniques are employed. They are neutralization, colloquialization, deletion and and compensation techniques. The techniques chosen by the translators of version 2 and 3 result in translations which show that all black characters speak in the same way as that of the white character. Most translations of the utterances of black characters in version 1, version 2 and version 3 have high accuracy. Among the three versions, version 2 translations have the highest level of accuracy. On the contrary, the analysis on the translation acceptability level shows that almost all of the translations of the uttarances of the black character are not acceptable. Only version 1 translation contains translations with moderate level of acceptability resulted from addition and compensation techniques. In terms of readability, most translations of black character utterances in version 1, version 2 and version 3 have a high level of readability. Translation version 2 has the highest level of readability among the three translated versions. The large number of nonstandard spellings resulted from colloquialization technique and speech defect technique in version 1 makes it the translation that has the largest number of translations with moderate and low level of readability.
Keywords: dialect, African American English, translation techniques, accuracy, acceptability, readability.
