ABSTRACT
Simin Althur. T110809006. “The Morphosyntactic System of Verb in Angguruk Dialect of Yali Language”. Promotor: Prof. Dr. Djatmika, M.A., Co-promotor: Dr. Tri Wiratno, M.A. Dissertation of Doctorate Program of Surakarta SebelasMaret University.
This study was a descriptive qualitative research studying specifically the morphosyntactic verb formation process in Angguruk Dialect of Yale Language (bahasaYalidialekAngguruk, thereafter called ADYL). The speaker population of ADYL consists of 15000 persons. This language is a non-Austronesia one, but Trans-New Guinean Phylum of Papuan language, Super-stock Sub-phylum-level, Dani-Kwerba Stock, Southern division, Dani big family, Ngalik-Nguda sub-family. The theory used in this study was Distributed Morphology with ‘morphological merger’ data analysis technique as logical consequence of such the theory.
Considering the result of data analysis based on Distributed Morphology and Morphological Merger theories concept, it could be found a number of morphosyntactic properties building the structure of morphosyntactic verb in ADYL. From the result of analysis, it could be seen that ADYL had a number of morphosyntactic properties undertaking morphological process in forming morphosyntatic verb. Those morphosyntactic properties were classified into nine categories, and some of which were subdivided into several subcategories.
Firstly, morphosyntactic property is mode. Mode type-morphosyntactic property consists of seven subcategories: 1) honorific mode {-rV-}; non-honorific mode {-t(V)-}; 3) desiderative mode with first, second and third singular personal pronouns as the subject {-le}; 4) desiderative with first, second and third plural personal pronouns as the subject {-il-}; 5) interrogative with second singular and plural personal pronouns as the subject {-n}; 6) imperative mode with second singular personal pronoun as the subject {-in}, and 7) imperative mode with second plural personal pronoun as the subject {-ihib}.
Secondly, morphosyntactic property is aspect. This morphosyntactic property undertakes morphological process: 1) durative (DUR) aspect realized into suffix {-uk}, and 2) frequentative aspect undertaking reduplicative process {-DUP}. The aspect not undertaking morphological process is excluded from this study because it is expected to deviate from morphosyntactic concept.
Thirdly, morphosyntactic property is tense, classified into three subcategories: present tense (PRESENT) marked with {-lah} without affected by the subject, while Future Tense (FUT) and Past tense (PAST) highly affected by who fills the function of subject in a sentence/clause. The classification of future tense based on sub-categories and its subject filler are as follows:
Subcategory1(first sub category of near future tense = FUT1): (i) FUT1,with first singular personal pronoun {-min} as the subject;(ii) FUT1, with first plural personal pronoun {-ul} as the subject; (iii) FUT1, with second singular personal pronoun{-mihin} as the subject; (iv) FUT1, with second plural personal pronoun{-hib} as the subject; (v) FUT1, with third singular personal pronoun {-misi} as the subject, and (vi) FUT1, with third plural personal pronoun {-usa} as the subject.
Subcategory 2 (second sub category of a little farfuture tense = FUT2+): (i) FUT2+,with first singular personal pronoun {-huk} as the subject; (ii) FUT2+,with second singular personal pronoun {-hun} as the subject; (iii) FUT2+,with second and third plural personal pronouns {-hub} as the subject, and (iv) FUT2+,with third singular personal pronoun {-hu} as the subject.
Subcategory 3 (second sub category of far future tense = FUT3++): (i) FUT3++, with first singular and plural personal pronouns {-huken} as the subject;(ii) FUT3++, with second singular personal pronouns {-hunen} as the subject; (iii) FUT3++, with second and third plural personal pronouns {-huben} as the subject, and (iv) FUT3++, with third singular personal pronouns as the subject.
Subcategory 4 (fourth sub category of far awayfuture tense = FUT4+++): (i) FUT4+++, with first singular and plural personal pronouns {-hukon} as the subject; (ii) FUT4+++, with second singular personal pronoun {-hunon} as the subject; (iii) FUT4+++, with second and third plural personal pronouns {-hubon} as the subject; and (iv) FUT4+++, with third singular personal pronoun {-huon} as the subject.
Subcategory 5(first category of near past tense = PAST1)): PAST1, with first singular, first plural, second singular, second plural, third singular, and third plural personal pronouns as the subject, only marked with {-ih-}. Subcategory of PAST1 {-ih-} also changes corresponding to its subject, but the change is still explained phonologically. For that reason {-ih-} is not explained one by one like other subcategory.
Subcategory 6 (second category of a little far past tense = PAST2+): (i)PAST2+, with first singular personal pronoun {-kik}as the subject; (ii) PAST2+, with first and third plural personal pronouns {-kuk}as the subject; (iii) ASPT2+, with second singular personal pronoun {-kin}as the subject; (iv) ASPT2+, with second plural personal pronoun {-kib}as the subject, and (v) PAST2+, with third singular personal pronoun {-si}as the subject.
Subcategory 7 (= third category of far past tense = PAST3++): (i) PAST++, with first singular personal pronoun {-kiak}as the subject; (ii) PAST3++, with first singular and plural personal pronouns {-kuak}as the subject; (iii) PAST3++, with second singular personal pronoun {-kinak}as the subject; (iv) PAST3++, with second plural personal pronoun {-kibak}as the subject; and (v) PAST3++, with third singular personal pronoun {-siak}as the subject.
Subcategory 8 (fourth category of far away past tense = PAST4+++): PAST4+++, with first singular personal pronoun {-kiak}as the subject; (ii) PAST4+++, with first and third plural personal pronouns {-kuahon}as the subject; (iii) PAST4+++, with second singular personal pronoun {-kinahon}as the subject; (iv)PAST4+++, with second plural personal pronoun {-kuahon}as the subject; and (v) PAST4+++, with third singular personal pronoun {-siahon}as the subject.
Fourthly, morphosyntactic property is subject agreement classified into six subcategories: 1) first singular personal pronoun subject agreement {-i}; 2) first plural personal pronoun subject agreement {-e}; 3) second singular personal pronoun subject agreement {-en}; 4) second plural personal pronoun subject agreement {-ep}; 5) third singular personal pronoun subject agreement {-a}; and 6) third plural personal pronoun subject agreement {-ken}.
Fifthly, morphosyntactic property is object possessor with six subcategories: 1) first singular personal pronoun object possessor {-nap}; 2) first plural personal pronoun object possessor {-nenep}; 3) second singular personal pronoun object possessor {-hap}; 4) second plural personal pronoun object possessor {-henep}; 5) third singular personal pronoun object possessor {-ap}; and 6) third plural personal pronoun object possessor {-enep}.
Sixthly, morphosyntactic property is accusative object (AO) marker, and objective case-personal pronoun marker, with the following subcategories: 1) first singular pronoun accusative object (OA:1t) {-nasug}; 2) first plural pronoun accusative object (OA:lj), morphologically marked with morpheme {-nenesug}; 3) second singular pronoun accusative object (OA:2t), morphologically marked with morpheme {-henesug}; 4) third singular pronoun accusative object (OA:3t), morphologically marked with morpheme {-asug}; and 5) third plural pronoun accusative object (OA:3j), morphologically marked with morpheme {-enesug}.
Seventhly,morphosyntactic property is indirect object (IO) marker with the following subcategories: 1) first singular pronoun IO, morphologically marked with {-nut}; 2) first plural pronoun IO, morphologically marked with {-nisar}; 3) second singular pronoun IO, morphologically marked with {-hit}; 4) second plural pronoun IO, morphologically marked with {-hisa}; 5) third singular pronoun IO, morphologically marked with {-ut}, and 6) third plural pronoun IO, morphologically marked with {-isar}.
Eighthly, morphosyntactic property is causative marker {-fese-}.
Ninthly, morphosyntactic property is intensifiercategories for: 1) far future tense (FUT3)with {-en} marker; 2)intensifier categories of very far future tense (FUT4) with {-on} marker (same with intensifier very far categories of past tense (PAST4); 3) intensifier categories of far-past (PAST3) with {-ak} marker.
Tenthly, morphosyntactic property is balanced reciprocal diathesis marker realized through reduplication process (DUP). Reciprocal diathesis is divided into two sub-classifications: 1) balanced diathesis, expressed with reduplication without sound change, and 2) unbalanced reciprocal diathesis expressed through reduplication {DUP} with replacivevocal change /o/ → /i/.
Eleventh, the last morphosyntactic property is negative marker-morpheme {-fug}.
ABSTRAK
Simin Althur. T110809006. “Sistem Morfosintaksis Verba Bahasa Yali Dialek Angguruk”. Promotor: Prof. Dr. Djatmika, M.A., Kopromotor: Dr. Tri Wiratno, M.A. Disertasi Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
Penelitan ini merupakan sebuah penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif yang secara khusus mengkaji proses pembentukan verba morfosintaktis bahasa Yali dialek Angguruk (BYDA). Populasi penutur bahasa ini sekitar 15000 orang. Bahasa ini adalah bahasa NAN, tepatnya adalah bahasa Papuan Filum Trans-New Guinea, Sub-filumlevel Superstok, Stok Dani-Kwerba, divisi Selatan, Keluarga besar Dani, Sub-keluarga Ngalik-Nguda. Adapun teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Distributed Morphology dengan teknik analisis data Morphological Merger, sebagai konsekuensi logis dari teori tersebut.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang dilandaskan pada konsep teori Distributed Morphology dan teknik Morphological Merger, maka ditemukan sejumlah properti morfosintaksis yang membangun struktur verba morfosintaktis BYDA. Dari hasil analisis tersebut diketahui, bahwa BYDA memiliki sejumlah properti morfosintaksis
yang berproses secara morfologis dalam membentuk verba morfosintaktis. Properti morfosintaksis tersebut diklasifikasikan ke dalam sembilan kategori. Dua di antaranya, yaitu kala, terbagi lagi atas tiga subkategori, dan diatesis resiprokal terbagi atas dua subkategori.
Pertama adalah properti morfosintaksis yang berupa modus. Properti morfosintaksis modus terdiri atas tujuh subkategori yaitu: 1) modus honorifik {-rV-}; 2) modus nonhonorifik {-t(V)-}; 3) modus desideratif dengan subjek pronomina persona pertama, kedua, dan ketiga tunggal {-le}; 4) modus desideratif dengan subjek pronomina
persona pertama, kedua, dan ketiga jamak {-il-}; 5) modus interogatif dengan subjek pronomina persona kedua tunggal, dan kedua jamak {-n}; 6) modus imperatif dengan subjek pronomina persona kedua tunggal {-in}, dan 7) modus imperatif dengan subjek pronomina persona orang kedua jamak {-ihib}.
Kedua adalah properti morfosintaksis yang berupa aspek. Properti morfosintaksis ini berproses secara morfologis yaitu: 1) aspek habiituatif; 2) aspek duratif (DUR), direalisasikan dengan sufiks {-uk}, dan 3) aspek frekuentatif yang berproses secara reduplikatif {-DUP}.
Ketiga adalah properti morfosintaksis yang berupa kala (tense) diklasifikasikan atas tiga subkategori, yaitu kala-kini (KK) dimarkahi dengan {-lah}, kala-akan (KA), dan kala-lampau (KL). Berikut klasifikasi kala-akan berdasarkan subkategori dan pengisi subjeknya.